Splits with a retained species
These are the species that have been split into two or more species, with one of the split species retaining the original name. Such splits will not result in an Exception because the old name is still in the new taxonomy, thus you have to check them manually.
For example, this year Antillean Mango was split into Hispaniolan Mango and Puerto Rican Mango. That kind of split is addressed by the Exception report, because any observations of Antillean Mango can't be carried over under that name; hence they are an exception. This kind of split is not listed here.
Also this year, Eastern Meadowlark was split into Eastern Meadowlark and Chihuahuan Meadowlark. That kind of split is not addressed by the Exception report, because observations of Eastern Meadowlark can be carried over under that name. You need to manually review your observations of Eastern Meadowlark to see if any of them need to be moved to Chihuahuan Meadowlark. This page lists all the splits of this type.
| English name | scientific name | Text | range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue-throated Piping-Guan | Pipile cumanensis | Blue-throated Piping-Guan is split into two species, based on differences in plumage and in the color and shape of the wattle, and because there is only limited documentation of hybridization between them (Vaurie 1967). Therefore the monotypic group Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Blue-throated) Pipile cumanensis cumanensis becomes Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis; and the monotypic group Blue-throated Piping-Guan (White-throated) Pipile cumanensis grayi becomes White-throated Piping-Guan Pipile grayi. | E Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, w Brazil and Peru |
| White-throated Piping-Guan | Pipile grayi | SW Brazil to Bolivia, ne Paraguay and se Peru | |
| Ring-necked Pheasant | Phasianus colchicus | Green Pheasant Phasianus versicolor (with subspecies versicolor, tanensis, and robustipes) is split from Ring-necked Pheasant, following Vaurie (1965) and Cramp et al. (1980); see also Kayvanfar et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2020). | |
| Green Pheasant | Phasianus versicolor | Japan | |
| Chestnut-necklaced Partridge | Tropicoperdix charltonii | The monotypic group Chestnut-necklaced Partridge (Sabah) Tropicoperdix charltonii graydoni now is recognized as a species, Sabah Partridge Tropicoperdix graydoni, based on pronounced differences in plumage and in the color of the facial skin (del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Eaton et al. 2021). | S Thailand to s Myanmar and Malay Peninsula, N Sumatra |
| Sabah Partridge | Tropicoperdix graydoni | N Borneo (Sabah) | |
| Moorland Francolin | Scleroptila psilolaema | Moorland Francolin is split into two species, based on differences in plumage and vocalizations (del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Hunter et al. 2019, Turner et al. 2020). Therefore the monotypic group Moorland Francolin (Moorland) Scleroptila psilolaema psilolaema becomes Moorland Francolin Scleroptila psilolaema; and the monotypic group Moorland Francolin (Elgon) Scleroptila psilolaema elgonensis becomes Elgon Francolin Scleroptila elgonensis. | Montane moorlands of central and s Ethiopia |
| Elgon Francolin | Scleroptila elgonensis | Montane moorlands of e Uganda to central Kenya | |
| Shelley's Francolin | Scleroptila shelleyi | The two monotypic groups, Shelley's Francolin (Shelley's) Scleroptila shelleyi shelleyi and Shelley's Francolin (Whyte's) Scleroptila shelleyi whytei, which are allopatric, are recognized as separate species, based on plumage differences (del Hoyo and Collar 2014): Shelley's Francolin Scleroptila shelleyi and Whyte's Francolin Scleroptila whytei. | S Uganda and sw Kenya to ne South Africa |
| Whyte's Francolin | Scleroptila whytei | southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to northern Zambia and northern Malawi | |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove | Streptopelia decaocto | The monotypic group Eurasian Collared-Dove (Burmese) Streptopelia decaocto xanthocycla is elevated to species rank as Burmese Collared-Dove Streptopelia xanthocycla, based on clear differences in size and vocalizations, and its prominent eyering. As a result, Eurasian Collared-Dove becomes monotypic. | Europe to Middle East, India, Sri Lanka, w China and Korea. This species is introduced in North America, and occurs in the West Indies, the United States (except NE), southern Canada (except E) and s Alaska, n Mexico locally to s Mexico |
| Burmese Collared-Dove | Streptopelia xanthocycla | central Myanmar | |
| Raiatea Fruit-Dove | Ptilinopus chrysogaster | The monotypic group Gray-green Fruit-Dove (chrysogaster) Ptilinopus purpuratus chrysogaster apparently is more closely related to Cook Islands Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus rarotongensis than it is to Gray-green Fruit-Dove (Cibois et al. 2014, 2015). Therefore we recognize chrysogaster as a species, Raiatea Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus chrysogaster, although further research may show that it is better classified as a subspecies of Cook Islands Fruit-Dove. | W Society Islands (Bora Bora, Tahaa, Huahine and Maupiti) |
| Gray-green Fruit-Dove | Ptilinopus purpuratus | Moorea (e Society Islands), Tahiti (e Society Islands) | |
| Geelvink Fruit-Dove | Ptilinopus speciosus | The monotypic group Yellow-bibbed Fruit-Dove (Geelvink) Ptilinopus solomonensis speciosus is recognized as a species, Geelvink Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus speciosus, on the basis of differences in both plumage and vocalizations (del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Gregory 2017). | Numfor, Biak and Yapen islands |
| Yellow-bibbed Fruit-Dove | Ptilinopus solomonensis | Other islands | |
| Green Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula aenea | On the basis of pronounced plumage differences (see del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Eaton et al. 2016), the monotypic group Green Imperial-Pigeon (Enggano) Ducula aenea oenothorax is elevated to species rank as Enggano Imperial-Pigeon Ducula oenothorax. | |
| Enggano Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula oenothorax | Enggano I. (off w Sumatra) | |
| Spice Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula myristicivora | We follow Beehler and Pratt (2016) in recognizing the two monotypic groups as separate species: Spice Imperial-Pigeon (Pink-naped) Ducula myristicivora myristicivora becomes Spice Imperial-Pigeon myristicivora; and Spice Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-naped) Ducula myristicivora geelvinkiana becomes Geelvink Imperial-Pigeon Ducula geelvinkiana. | Widi I. (off Halmahera) and w Papuan islands (New Guinea) |
| Geelvink Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula geelvinkiana | Islands in Geelvink Bay (Meos Num, Numfor and Biak) | |
| Malabar Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula cuprea | The monotypic group Mountain Imperial-Pigeon (cuprea) Ducula badia cuprea is split as Malabar Imperial-Pigeon Ducula cuprea, based on vocal differences and different iris colors (Niranjana and Praveen 2021), coupled with subtle plumage differences. | SW India (Western Ghats from Goa to Kerala) |
| Mountain Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula badia | Himalayan foothills (w Nepal to Sikkim and Bhutan), Myanmar to sw China, Hainan, Thailand and Indochina, Malay Pen. and Mergui Arch. to Sumatra, Borneo and w Java | |
| Longuemare's Sunangel | Heliangelus clarisse | Amethyst-throated Sunangel is split into three species, based on substantial vocal differences (Donegan et al. 2015) as well as differences in plumage. As a result, the polytypic group Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Longuemare's) Heliangelus amethysticollis clarisse/violiceps now is recognized as Longuemare's Sunangel Heliangelus clarisse, with subspecies violiceps and clarisse; the monotypic group Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Merida) Heliangelus amethysticollis spencei becomes Merida Sunangel Heliangelus spencei; and the polytypic group Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Amethyst-throated) Heliangelus amethysticollis [amethysticollis Group], with subspecies laticlavius, decolor, apurimacensis, and amethysticollis, retains the names Amethyst-throated Sunangel Heliangelus amethysticollis. | Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border),Eastern Andes of Colombia and adjacent w Venezuela |
| Merida Sunangel | Heliangelus spencei | Andes of nw Venezuela (Mérida) | |
| Amethyst-throated Sunangel | Heliangelus amethysticollis | Andes of s Ecuador and n Peru, east slope of Andes of central Peru (from Amazonas south of the Marañón River to Junín), south central Peru (Apurímac Valley and upper Urubamba Valley, Ayacucho and Cusco), Andes of southern Peru (eastern Cusco to Puno) and of northwestern Bolivia (La Paz to Cochabamba) | |
| Collared Inca | Coeligena torquata | Collared Inca is split into three species. These splits are based in part on substantial plumage differences; also, although there is not yet data for all members of this group of this group, genetic analyses indicate that some taxa (the torquata Group and the inca/omissa Group) are more differentiated than are many other taxa of Coeligena that are recognized as species (McGuire et al. 2014). The three newly recognized species are Collared Inca Coeligena torquata, including subspecies torquata, fulgidigula, margaretae, insectivora, and eisenmanni; a monotypic Green Inca Coeligena conradii; and Gould's Inca Coeligena inca, with subspecies omissa and inca. | Andes of Colombia to nw Venezuela (Táchira) and n Peru, Andes of w Ecuador, Andes of n Peru (Chachapoyas), Andes of central Peru, S Peru (Cordillera Vilcabamba) |
| Green Inca | Coeligena conradii | E Andes of Colombia to nw Venezuela (Trujillo and Mérida) | |
| Gould's Inca | Coeligena inca | Andes of se Peru (Urubamba to Puno), Andes of Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba) | |
| Perija Starfrontlet | Coeligena consita | Golden-bellied Starfrontlet is split into three species, based on plumage differences, and because genetic evidence indicates that a polytypic Golden-bellied Starfrontlet is paraphyletic with respect to Blue-throated Starfrontlet Coeligena helianthea (Palacios et al. 2019). Therefore the monotypic group Golden-bellied Starfrontlet (Perija) Coeligena bonapartei consita is recognized as Perija Starfrontlet Coeligena consita; the monotypic group Golden-bellied Starfrontlet (Golden-bellied) Coeligena bonapartei bonapartei is recognized as Golden-bellied Starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei; and the monotypic group Golden-bellied Starfrontlet (Golden-tailed) Coeligena bonapartei eos is recognized as Merida Starfrontlet Coeligena eos. | Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border) |
| Golden-bellied Starfrontlet | Coeligena bonapartei | E Andes of Colombia (Boyacá to Bogotá) | |
| Merida Starfrontlet | Coeligena eos | Andes of w Venezuela (Trujillo, Barinas, Mérida and Táchira) | |
| Broad-billed Hummingbird | Cynanthus latirostris | In accord with AOS-NACC, the monotypic group Broad-billed Hummingbird (Tres Marias Is.) Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei is elevated to species rank as Tres Marias Hummingbird Cynanthus lawrencei (Chesser et al. 2022). Tres Marias Hummingbird is genetically distinct, although levels of genetic differentiation are low (Hernández-Baños et al. 2020), and exhibits plumage differences that comparable to those between other species in the genus (Gómez de Silva 2020, Hernández-Baños et al. 2020) | |
| Tres Marias Hummingbird | Cynanthus lawrencei | Tres Marías Islands (off w Mexico) | |
| Green-bellied Hummingbird | Saucerottia viridigaster | Each of the two polytypic groups now is recognized as a separate species, based on plumage differences, in the coloration of the tail, rump, and undertail coverts (Weller 2002). As a result the group Green-bellied Hummingbird (Green-bellied) Saucerottia viridigaster viridigaster/iodura becomes Green-bellied Hummingbird Saucerottia viridigaster, with subspecies viridigaster and iodura; and the group Green-bellied Hummingbird (Copper-tailed) Saucerottia viridigaster [cupreicauda Group] becomes Copper-tailed Hummingbird Saucerottia cupreicauda, with subspecies duidae, laireti, pacaraimae, and cupreicauda. | E slope of Eastern Andes of Colombia, Andes of w Venezuela (Táchira) |
| Copper-tailed Hummingbird | Saucerottia cupreicauda | Tepuis of s Venezuela (Mt. Duida), Tepuis of s Venezuela (Cerro de la Neblina), Mts. of s Venezuela (Sierra de Pacaraima), Tepuis of s Venezuela, Guyana and extreme n Brazil (Roraima) | |
| Painted Buttonquail | Turnix varius | The monotypic group Painted Buttonquail (New Caledonian) Turnix varius novaecaledoniae is recognized as a separate species, New Caledonian Buttonquail Turnix novaecaledoniae, based on significant morphometric and plumage differences (MacDonald 1971, Debus 1996, del Hoyo and Collar 2014). | Houtman Abrolhos Islands (off sw Australia), SW, e and se Australia and Tasmania |
| New Caledonian Buttonquail | Turnix novaecaledoniae | Formerly New Caledonia; probably extinct, not reported with certainty since 1889 | |
| Salvin's Prion | Pachyptila salvini | The monotypic group Salvin's Prion (MacGillivray's) Pachyptila salvini macgillivrayi is recognized as a separate species, MacGillivray's Prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, following Masello et al. (2022; see also Ryan et al. 2014). Consequently Salvin's Prion becomes monotypic; delete the monotypic group Salvin's Prion (Salvin's) Pachyptila salvini salvini. Revise the range of Salvin's Prion from ""Prince Edward and Crozet islands"" to ""breeds Prince Edward Island and Crozet Island; at sea occurs in southern Indian Ocean and Australasian seas"". | breeds Prince Edward Island and Crozet Island; at sea occurs in southern Indian Ocean and Australasian seas |
| MacGillivray's Prion | Pachyptila macgillivrayi | breeds in the Southern Atlantic Ocean (Gough Island) and the Southern Indian Ocean (St. Paul Island, formerly also Amsterdam Island); at-sea distribution not well known | |
| Hook-billed Kite | Chondrohierax uncinatus | The monotypic group Hook-billed Kite (Cuban) Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii is split as Cuban Kite Chondrohierax wilsonii, based on the degree of genetic (mtDNA; Johnson et al. 2007) and morphological (Friedmann 1950) differences; although these differences are relatively low in absolute terms, they assume greater weight in view of the absence of any geographic structure to variation within Hook-billed Kite across the rest of its extensive geographic range. | |
| Cuban Kite | Chondrohierax wilsonii | E Cuba | |
| Bicolored Hawk | Accipiter bicolor | The monotypic group Bicolored Hawk (Chilean) Accipiter bicolor chilensis is recognized as a separate species, Chilean Hawk Accipiter chilensis, on the basis of differences in vocalizations and habitat (Jaramillo 2003, Pearman and Areta 2020). | |
| Chilean Hawk | Accipiter chilensis | Andes of central Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego | |
| Moluccan Scops-Owl | Otus magicus | The monotypic group Moluccan Scops-Owl (Wetar) Otus magicus tempestatis is split from Moluccan Scops-Owl on the basis of different vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016). The monotypic group Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Kalidupa) Otus manadensis kalidupae is better classified as a subspecies of Moluccan Scops-Owl, based on its vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, O'Connell et al. 2020). It continues to be recognized as a monotypic group, Moluccan Scops-Owl (Kalidupa) Otus magicus kalidupae. | |
| Wetar Scops-Owl | Otus tempestatis | Wetar (Lesser Sundas) | |
| Sulawesi Scops-Owl | Otus manadensis | The monotypic group Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Banggai) Otus manadensis mendeni is recognized as a monotypic species, Banggai Scops-Owl Otus mendeni, on the basis of vocal differences (Rheindt et al. 2010, Eaton et al. 2016). Also, the monotypic group Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Kalidupa) Otus manadensis kalidupae is better classified as a subspecies of Moluccan Scops-Owl, based on its vocalizations (Eaton et al. 2016, O'Connell et al. 2020). As a result Sulawesi Scops-Owl becomes monotypic; the former monotypic group Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Sulawesi) Otus manadensis manadensis is dissolved. | Sulawesi |
| Banggai Scops-Owl | Otus mendeni | Banggai Islands (Peleng and Labobo) | |
| Great Horned Owl | Bubo virginianus | The monotypic group Great Horned Owl (Magellanic) Bubo virginianus magellanicus is recognized as a separate species, Lesser Horned Owl Bubo magellanicus, on the basis of vocal differences that are maintained across the extensive range of this taxon (López-Lánus 2015). These two species appear to meet in northwestern Peru (López-Lánus 2015), but although there may be some interbreeding (Traylor 1958), there is no evidence of a widespread hybrid zone. In northern Argentina, they are parapatric, and apparently segregate by elevation and habitat, again with no evidence of interbreeding (Pearman and Areta 2020). | |
| Lesser Horned Owl | Bubo magellanicus | C Peru to w Bolivia, w Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Cape Horn | |
| Tasmanian Boobook | Ninox leucopsis | The monotypic group Morepork (Tasmanian) Ninox novaeseelandiae leucopsis is split from Morepork, as Tasmanian Boobook Ninox leucopsis, based on moderate levels of vocal and genetic divergence (Gwee et al. 2017), and differences in plumage and morphometrics (König and Weick 2008, del Hoyo and Collar 2014). | Tasmania and islands in Bass Strait |
| Morepork | Ninox novaeseelandiae | Lord Howe I. Extinct, Norfolk I., New Zealand and offshore islands | |
| Sangihe Dwarf-Kingfisher | Ceyx sangirensis | Each of the two monotypic groups is recognized as a separate species: Sulawesi Dwarf-Kingfisher (Sangihe) Ceyx fallax sangirensis becomes Sangihe Dwarf-Kingfisher Ceyx sangirensis, and Sulawesi Dwarf-Kingfisher (Sulawesi) Ceyx fallax fallax retains the names Sulawesi Dwarf-Kingfisher Ceyx fallax. The split is based multiple morphological differences between the two taxa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). Revise the range of Sangihe Dwarf-Kingfisher from ""Sangihe I. (ne of Sulawesi)"" to ""Sangihe Island (northeast of Sulawesi); probably extinct"". | Sangihe Island (northeast of Sulawesi); probably extinct |
| Sulawesi Dwarf-Kingfisher | Ceyx fallax | Sulawesi and Lembeh I. | |
| Blue-breasted Bee-eater | Merops variegatus | The monotypic group Blue-breasted Bee-eater (Ethiopian) Merops variegatus lafresnayii is recognized as a separate species, Ethiopian Bee-eater Merops lafresnayii, based on plumage and vocal differences from Blue-breasted Bee-eater (Turner 2010). | |
| Ethiopian Bee-eater | Merops lafresnayii | Ethiopia to Sudan (Boma Hills) | |
| Russet-throated Puffbird | Hypnelus ruficollis | Each of the two polytypic groups is recognized as a separate species: the group Russet-throated Puffbird (Russet-throated) Hypnelus ruficollis [ruficollis Group] (consisting of subspecies ruficollis, decolor, and coloratus) becomes Russet-throated Puffbird Hypnelus ruficollis; and the group Russet-throated Puffbird (Two-banded) Hypnelus ruficollis bicinctus/stoicus becomes Two-banded Puffbird Hypnelus bicinctus. These groups are srikingly different in plumage and long had been considered to be separate species (e.g., Peters 1948, Phelps and Phelps 1958), but had been lumped on the basis of a population with apparently intermediate plumage. Hybridization appeares to be infrequent, however, and reports of hybridization may be based at least in part on specimens of juveniles (Restall et al. 2006). Vocalizations also differ between the two groups (Donegan et al. 2015). | N Colombia and nw Venezuela (w Lake Maracaibo region), extreme northeastern Colombia (Guajira Peninsula) and northwestern Venezuela (northern Falcón, on or near the base of the Paraguaná Peninsula), W Venezuela (south of Lake Maracaibo) |
| Two-banded Puffbird | Hypnelus bicinctus | northeastern Colombia (llanos, east of the Andes) and Venezuela from Falcón (except for the Paraguaná Peninsula) to northwestern Amazonas and northern Bolívar; populations in northern Falcón may merit recognition as a separate subspecies, Isla Margarita (off n Venezuela) | |
| Scarlet-banded Barbet | Capito wallacei | Each of the two monotypic groups is recognized as a separate species, on the basis of plumage and morphometric differences (Seeholzer et al. 2012): the group Scarlet-banded Barbet (Scarlet-banded) Capito wallacei wallacei becomes Scarlet-banded Barbet Capito wallacei; and the group Scarlet-banded Barbet (Sira) Capito wallacei fitzpatricki Sira Barbet Capito fitzpatricki. | northern Peru: very local on ridge crests of Cordillera Azul (eastern San Martín and southwestern Loreto) |
| Sira Barbet | Capito fitzpatricki | southern Cerros del Sira, Ucayali, Peru | |
| Chestnut-belted Gnateater | Conopophaga aurita | Chestnut-belted Gnateater is split into two species, based on deep genetic divergence (Batalha-Filo et al. 2014), and differences in plumage and vocalizations (Whitney 2003, Boesman 2016): Chestnut-belted Gnateater Conopophaga aurita, including subspecies aurita, inexpectata, occidentalis, and australis; and Black-breasted Gnateater Conopophaga snethlageae, with subspecies snethlageae and pallida. | Guyana to French Guiana and n Brazil (Manaus to Amapá), SE Colombia and adjacent nw Brazil, Tropical ne Ecuador and ne Peru (e of R. Napo), NE Peru (s to Ucayali) and w Amazonian Brazil |
| Black-breasted Gnateater | Conopophaga snethlageae | Brazil south of R. Amazon (lower R. Tapajós to cent. Pará), Cent. Brazil (cent. Pará to w bank of R. Tocantins) | |
| Buffy Tuftedcheek | Pseudocolaptes lawrencii | In accord with AOS-SACC (Proposal 940), each of the monotypic groups is recognized as a separate species: the group Buffy Tuftedcheek (Buffy) Pseudocolaptes lawrencii lawrencii retains the names Buffy Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes lawrencii, and the group Buffy Tuftedcheek (Pacific) Pseudocolaptes lawrencii johnsoni becomes Pacific Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes johnsoni. This split is based on plumage differences; deep genetic divergence (Derryberry et al. 2011), coupled with indications that Pacific Tuftedcheek may be sister to Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii rather than to Buffy Tuftedcheek (Harvey et al. 2020, Forcina et al. 2021); and vocal differences (Boesman 2016) together with evidence of song discrimination (Freeman and Montgomery 2017). | Highlands of Costa Rica and w Panama (w Chiriquí) |
| Pacific Tuftedcheek | Pseudocolaptes johnsoni | W slope of Western Andes of sw Colombia and w Ecuador | |
| Choco Manakin | Cryptopipo litae | Each of the two polytypic groups is recognized as a separate species, based on vocal differences (Boesman 2016d) and deep genetic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020). Therefore the group Green Manakin (Choco) Cryptopipo holochlora litae/suffusa becomes Choco Manakin Cryptopipo litae, with subspecies suffusa and litae; and the group Green Manakin (Green) Cryptopipo holochlora holochlora/viridior becomes Green Manakin Cryptopipo holochlora, with subspecies holochlora and viridior. | Extreme e Panama (Darién) and adjacent nw Colombia, Tropical w Colombia to nw Ecuador (south to Pichincha) |
| Green Manakin | Cryptopipo holochlora | RANGE | |
| Olive-streaked Flycatcher | Mionectes olivaceus | Olive-striped Flycatcher is split into two species, based vocal differences (Boesman 2016e) and genetic evidence that the current arrangement of Olive-striped Flycatcher is paraphyletic (Harvey et al. 2020). As a result, the monotypic group Olive-striped Flycatcher (Olive-streaked) Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus becomes Olive-streaked Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus; and the polytypic group Olive-striped Flycatcher (Olive-striped) Mionectes olivaceus [galbinus Group] becomes Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes galbinus, with subspecies hederaceus, galbinus, venezuelensis, and fasciaticollis. | RANGE |
| Olive-striped Flycatcher | Mionectes galbinus | Tropical se Colombia, e Ecuador and e Peru (south to Junín), Foothills of se Peru (Cusco and nw Puno) | |
| Yellow-winged Flycatcher | Tolmomyias flavotectus | The monotypic group Yellow-margined Flycatcher (Yellow-winged) Tolmomyias assimilis flavotectus is recognized as a separate species, Yellow-winged Flycatcher Tolmomyias flavotectus; all remaining subspecies remain in Yellow-margined Flycatcher. Yellow-winged Flycatcher is basal to the rest of Tolmomyias, so retaining flavotectus in Yellow-margined Flycatcher would lead to a highly paraphyletic species (Harvey et al. 2020); flavotectus also is the most distinctive member of the Yellow-margined Flycatcher group vocally, although variation in vocalizations across this complex suggests that further splits may be warranted (Boesman 2016f). | E Costa Rica to w Colombia and nw Ecuador |
| Yellow-margined Flycatcher | Tolmomyias assimilis | ||
| White-fronted Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias zeledoni | Rough-legged Tyrannulet is split into two species, based on levels of genetic divergence (Harvey et al. 2020) and on vocal differences (Boesman 2016i, Parra-Hernández et al. 2020). Subspecies zeledoni, wetmorei, viridiceps, bunites, and leucogenys are incorporated into White-fronted Tyrannulet Phyllomyias zeledoni; and Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri becomes monotypic. | Mountains of Costa Rica and w Panama, Sierra de Perijá (Colombia/Venezuela border), Coastal mountains of n Venezuela, Tepuis of s Venezuela in Bolívar (Cerro Chimantá-tepui), E Andes from Colombia to e Ecuador and se Peru |
| Rough-legged Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias burmeisteri | E slope of Andes of e Bolivia, n Argentina, e Paraguay, se Brazil | |
| Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant | Stigmatura napensis | The available genetic data, although limited, strongly suggests that the two subspecies of Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant are deeply divergent from one another, and that this species is paraphyletic with respect to Greater Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura budytoides (Harvey et al. 2020). Therefore we split this species: the Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant (Lesser) Stigmatura napensis napensis becomes Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura napensis; and the monotypic group Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant (Bahia) Stigmatura napensis bahiae becomes Bahia Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura bahiae. Revise the range of Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant from ""Amazon system is. (se Colombia, e Ecuador, ne Peru and w Brazil)"" to ""along larger rivers of western and central Amazonia from eastern Ecuador (Napo River) and eastern Peru (Napo, Ucayali, and Amazon rivers) east to central Brazil (to the lower Tapajós River); also a population (possibly an undescribed taxon) in Orinoco drainages in extreme eastern Colombia (Vichada) and southwestern Venezuela (western Amazonas)"". | along larger rivers of western and central Amazonia from eastern Ecuador (Napo River) and eastern Peru (Napo, Ucayali, and Amazon rivers) east to central Brazil (to the lower Tapajós River); also a population (possibly an undescribed taxon) in Orinoco drainages in extreme eastern Colombia (Vichada) and southwestern Venezuela (western Amazonas) |
| Bahia Wagtail-Tyrant | Stigmatura bahiae | northeastern Brazil (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte south to southern Bahia) | |
| Bran-colored Flycatcher | Myiophobus fasciatus | Bran-colored Flycatcher is split into three species, on the basis of plumage differences, parapatric distributions with no evidence of interbreeding (crypterythrus and rufescens), and vocal differences (Boesman 2016l, Kirwan et al. 2022). As a result, the polytypic group Bran-colored Flycatcher (Bran-colored) Myiophobus fasciatus [fasciatus Group], with subspecies furfurosus, fasciatus, saturatus, auriceps, and flammiceps, retains the names Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus; the monotypic group Bran-colored Flycatcher (Mouse-gray) Myiophobus fasciatus crypterythrus becomes Mouse-gray Flycatcher Myiophobus crypterythrus; and the monotypic group Bran-colored Flycatcher (Rufescent) Myiophobus fasciatus rufescens becomes Rufescent Flycatcher Myiophobus rufescens. | |
| Mouse-gray Flycatcher | Myiophobus crypterythrus | west of the Andes in southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (south to southwestern Cajamarca) | |
| Rufescent Flycatcher | Myiophobus rufescens | west of the Andes from northern Peru (southern Lambayeque) south to extreme northren Chile (Arica) | |
| Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant | Ochthoeca fumicolor | The monotypic group Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant (Rufous-browed) Ochthoeca fumicolor superciliosa is recognized as a separate species, Rufous-browed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca superciliosa, on the basis of plumage differences and the absence of evidence of introgression, despite being only narrowly allopatric from other populations of Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant. | |
| Rufous-browed Chat-Tyrant | Ochthoeca superciliosa | Andes of w Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida and e Táchira) | |
| Spotted Scrubwren | Sericornis maculatus | The polytypic group White-browed Scrubwren (Spotted) Sericornis frontalis [maculatus Group], with subspecies balstoni, maculatus, mellori, and ashbyi, is elevated to species rank as Spotted Scrubwren Sericornis maculatus, based on patterns of genetic divergence (Norman et al. 2018). Inclusion of subspecies ashbyi in Spotted Scrubwren is provisional; this treatment is consistent with the traditional delineation of these groups (e.g. Mayr 1986) and with patterns of variation in iris color (Cake 2019); but genetic data links ashbyi instead to White-browed Scrubwren (Norman et al. 2018). | Cent. W Australia (Geraldton to Shark Bay; Houtman Abrolhos), SW Western Australia, southwestern Australia (southern Western Australia east along coast to southeastern South Australia), Kangaroo I. (South Australia) |
| White-browed Scrubwren | Sericornis frontalis | Disjunct in e Queensland (Atherton Tableland to Burnett River), E New South Wales (Queensland border to Hunter River), SE Australia (central NSW to s Victoria and se South Australia), Southern Victoria (Otway Peninsula to Strzelecki Range), South Australia (Mt. Lofty Range to Fleurieu Peninsula), Flinders I. and adjacent islands in Bass Strait | |
| Rennell Gerygone | Gerygone citrina | The monotypic group Fan-tailed Gerygone (Rennell) Gerygone flavolateralis citrina is recognized as a species, Rennell Gerygone Gerygone citrina, on the basis of differences in plumage and iris color (del Hoyo and Collar 2016; see also Dutson 2011); songs also may differ between the two species, but songs of most subspecies (correiae, rouxi, and lifuensis) of Fan-tailed Gerygone have not been documented. | Rennell (se Solomon Islands) |
| Fan-tailed Gerygone | Gerygone flavolateralis | ||
| Cape Batis | Batis capensis | A representative (presumably subspecies erythrophthalma) of the polytypic group Cape Batis (Gray-mantled) Batis capensis [erythrophthalma Group] recently has been found to be sympatic with a representative of the polytypic group Cape Batis (Malawi) Batis capensis dimorpha/sola in southern Malawi (Dowsett in preparation). Therefore Cape Batis (Malawi) is recognized as a separate species, Malawi Batis Batis dimorpha, with subspecies sola and dimorpha. | |
| Malawi Batis | Batis dimorpha | Malawi | |
| Sharpe's Lark | Mirafra sharpii | The monotypic group Rufous-naped Lark (Somali) Mirafra africana sharpii is recognized as a separate species, Sharpe's Lark Mirafra sharpii. Unpublished genetic data (Alström et al. in preparation) show that sharpii forms a clade with Red-winged Lark Mirafra hypermetra and Somali Long-billed Lark Mirafra somalica, from which it differs in plumage and morphology (Donald and Alström, in preparation); therefore sharpii can not be treated as a subspecies of Rufous-naped Lark. | NW Somalia (Silo Plain, Tuyo Plain and Bankisah) |
| Rufous-naped Lark | Mirafra africana | ||
| Black-throated Prinia | Prinia atrogularis | Each of the two monotypic groups is recognized as a separate species, based on differences in plumage (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and in song and genetic divergenve (Groot 2021): therefore Black-throated Prinia (Black-throated) Prinia atrogularis atrogularis becomes Black-throated Prinia Prinia atrogularis, and Black-throated Prinia (Rufous-crowned) Prinia atrogularis khasiana becomes Rufous-crowned Prinia Prinia khasiana. | E Nepal to Sikkim, Bhutan, se Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh |
| Rufous-crowned Prinia | Prinia khasiana | NE India (Assam) to Bangladesh, w Myanmar and s China | |
| Santo Thicketbird | Cincloramphus whitneyi | Mountains of Espíritu Santo (Vanuatu) | |
| Guadalcanal Thicketbird | Cincloramphus turipavae | Mountains of Guadalcanal (se Solomon Islands) | |
| Mountain Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus trivirgatus | The polytypic group Mountain Leaf Warbler (Philippines) Phylloscopus trivirgatus [nigrorum Group], with subspecies benguetensis, peterseni, nigrorum, diuatae, mindanensis, malindangensis, and flavostriatus, is recognized as a separate species, Negros Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus nigrorum. The Philippine taxa differ in plumage from other subspecies of Mountain Leaf Warbler (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), and genetic data indicates that the Philippine taxa are not sister to other representatives of Mountain Leaf Warbler (Olsson et al. 2005, Alström et al. unpublished). | Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and nw Borneo, Mountains of ne Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu), Mountains of w Borneo (Poi Mountains of w Sarawak) |
| Negros Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus nigrorum | Phillipines | |
| Sulawesi Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus nesophilus | The two monotypic groups of Sulawesi Leaf Warbler differ significantly in plumage and song (Berryman and Eaton 2020), and genetic data indicates that these are not sister taxa (Alström et al. unpublished). Therefore each is recognized as a separate species: the group Sulawesi Leaf Warbler (Sulawesi) Phylloscopus sarasinorum nesophilus retains the names Sulawesi Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus nesophilus, and the group Sulawesi Leaf Warbler (Lompobattang) Phylloscopus sarasinorum sarasinorum becomes Lompobattang Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus sarasinorum. | Mountains of n Sulawesi |
| Lompobattang Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus sarasinorum | Mountains of s Sulawesi | |
| Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler | Mixornis flavicollis | Each of the two monotypic groups is recognized as a species, based on plumage and vocal differences (del Hoyoand Collar 2016, Cros and Rheindt 2017). Therefore Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler (Gray-cheeked) Mixornis flavicollis flavicollis retains the names Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler Mixornis flavicollis, and Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler (Kangean) Mixornis flavicollis prillwitzi becomes Kangean Tit-Babbler Mixornis prillwitzi. | Lowlands of e Java |
| Kangean Tit-Babbler | Mixornis prillwitzi | Kangean Islands (Java Sea) | |
| Chestnut-winged Babbler | Cyanoderma erythropterum | Chestnut-winged Babbler is split into two species, based on pronounced differences in plumage and voice (Eaton et al. 2016, Cros et al. 2020), and evidence of a long-standing lack of gene flow (Cros et al. 2020). The polytpic group Chestnut-winged Babbler (Chestnut-winged) Cyanoderma erythropterum [erythropterum Group], with subspecies erythropterum, pyrrhophaeum, and fulviventre, retains the names Chestnut-winged Babbler Cyanoderma erythropterum; and the polytypic group Chestnut-winged Babbler (Gray-hooded) Cyanoderma erythropterum bicolor/rufum, with subspecies bicolor and rufum, becomes Gray-hooded Babbler Cyanoderma bicolor. | Malay Pen. (Isthmus of Kra to Singapore) and North Natuna Is., Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung and Batu islands, Banyak I. (off Sumatra) |
| Gray-hooded Babbler | Cyanoderma bicolor | N and e Borneo and Banggai Islands, SW Borneo | |
| Common Hill Myna | Gracula religiosa | The Common Hill Myna complex was reviewed by Ng et al. (2021), based on genetic and morphological characters, with additional work on this group still in progress (based on the same of characters, but with a consideration of vocal characters as well). As a result of this ongoing research, we implement the following changes. The monotypic group Common Hill Myna (Tenggara) Gracula religiosa venerata is recognized as a separate species, Tenggara Hill Myna Gracula venerata; the vocalizations of this taxon are extremely different, and it is deeply divergent genetically (unpublished data). | |
| Tenggara Hill Myna | Gracula venerata | W Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, and Alor) | |
| Ethiopian Thrush | Turdus simensis | Change the scientific name of Groundscraper Thrush from Psophocichla litsitsirupa to Turdus litsitsirupa. The monotypic group Groundscraper Thrush (Heath) Psophocichla litsitsirupa simensis is recognized as a separate species, Ethiopian Thrush Turdus simensis, based on a deep genetic divergence (Nylander et al. 2008) and vocal differences (Boesman 2016s). | Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia |
| Groundscraper Thrush | Turdus litsitsirupa | N Angola to se Democratic Republic of the Congo, w Tanzania, w Malawi and Mozambique, S Angola to n Namibia and nw Botswana, C Namibia to Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and S Africa | |
| White-rumped Shama | Copsychus malabaricus | The polytypic group White-rumped Shama (White-crowned) Copsychus malabaricus stricklandii/barbouri is recognized as a separate species, White-crowned Shama Copsychus stricklandii, based on its distinct plumage and the demonstration of almost no nuclear admixture and introgression between the two forms despite a narrow hybrid zone (Lim et al. 2017). | |
| White-crowned Shama | Copsychus stricklandii | Lowlands of n Borneo, Labuan, Balembangan and Banggi islands, Maratua Islands (off n Borneo) | |
| Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher | Cyornis omissus | The monotypic group Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher (Kalao) Cyornis omissus kalaoensis is recognized as a separate species, based on strong vocal differences (Gwee et al. 2019). | |
| Kalao Blue Flycatcher | Cyornis kalaoensis | Kalao I. (Flores Sea) | |
| Short-tailed Akalat | Sheppardia poensis | Bocage's Akalat is split into two species, primarily based on dramatic vocal and habitat differences, maintained even in areas where the distributions of the two closely approach one another (Moyer 2006; see also Prigogine 1987): a polytypic Short-tailed Akalat Sheppardia poensis, with subspecies granti, poensis, kaboboensis, schoutedeni, and kungwensis; and a polytypic Bocage's Akalat Sheppardia bocagei, with subspecies bocagei, ilyai, and chapini. Note that this split breaks up the previously recognized polytypic group Bocage's Akalat (Bocage's) Sheppardia bocagei [bocagei Group], with some subspecies (kaboboensis, schoutedeni, and kungwensi) transferred to Short-tailed Akalat, and three others (bocagei, ilyai, and chapini) retained in Bocage's Akalat. | Mountains of se Nigeria and w Cameroon, Bioko (Gulf of Guinea), E Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mt. Kabobo), E Democratic Republic of the Congo (mountains west of Lake Edward to Kivu)), W Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahari Mountains) |
| Bocage's Akalat | Sheppardia bocagei | Western highlands of Angola, W Tanzania (east of Mt. Kungwe), SE Democratic Republic of the Congo and n-central Zambia | |
| Japanese Robin | Larvivora akahige | Japanese Robin is split into two monotypic species, based primarily on vocal differences (Zhao et al. 2016): Japanese Robin Larvivora akahige and Izu Robin Larvivora tanensis. Subspecies rishirensis, with range ""Rishiri I. (off nw Hokkaido)"", is considered to be a junior synonym of nominate akahige (Morioka 1994), and is deleted; therefore Larvivora akahige becomes monotypic. Revise the range from ""S Kuril and Sakhalin is. to n Japanese Arch.; > to s China"" to ""breeds on Sakhalin Island, the southern Kuril Islands, and Japan, including islands south of Kyushu; winters in southeastern China (from northwestern Fujian south to Guangdong and Guangxi)"". | breeds on southern Sakhalin Island, the southern Kuril Islands, and Japan; winters in southeastern China (northwestern Fujian south to Guangdong and Guangxi) |
| Izu Robin | Larvivora tanensis | S Japanese Arch. (Izu, Tanegashima and Yakushima islands) | |
| Ryukyu Robin | Larvivora komadori | Ryukyu Robin is split into two species, based primarily on deep genetic divergence (as assessed by mitochondrial DNA: Saitoh et al. 2015), coupled with preliminary evidence of vocal differences (Boesman 2016t): Ryukyu Robin Larvivora komadori and Okinawa Robin Larvivora namiyei. Subspecies subrufus, with range ""S Ryukyu Islands (Ishigaki, Iriomote and Yonaguni)"", is considered to be a junior synonym of nominate komadori (Vaurie 1955, Kawaji and Higuchi 1989), and is deleted; therefore Ryukyu Robin becomes monotypic. Revise the range from ""Ryukyu Is. (Tanega-Shima, Amami-O-Shima, Tokuno-Shima)"" to ""breeds Danjo Islands (off of southwestern Kyushu) and the northern Ryukyu Islands (Tanegashima S to Tokunoshima); winters south to the southern Ryukyu Islands (mainly Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote and Yonakuni)"". | breeds Danjo Islands (off of southwestern Kyushu) and the northern Ryukyu Islands (Tanegashima S to Tokunoshima); winters south to the southern Ryukyu Islands (mainly Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote and Yonakuni) |
| Okinawa Robin | Larvivora namiyei | Okinawa (central Ryukyu Islands) | |
| White-crowned Forktail | Enicurus leschenaulti | The monotypic group White-crowned Forktail (Bornean) Enicurus leschenaulti borneensis is recognized as a separate species, Bornean Forktail Enicurus borneensis, based on elevational segration from lowland White-crowned Forktail withd strong genetic divergence (Moyle et al. 2005, 2017), and vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2021). | |
| Bornean Forktail | Enicurus borneensis | Mountains of n Borneo | |
| Amber Mountain Rock-Thrush | Monticola erythronotus | Genetic investigations of Malagasy Monticola consistently reveal only very low levels of genetic divergence (Goodman and Weigt 2002, Outlaw et al. 2007, Zuccon and Ericson 2010, Cruaud et al 2011), but all are limited to mitochondrial DNA. Nonetheless we recognize the monotypic group Forest Rock-Thrush (Amber Mountain) Monticola sharpei erythronotus as a separate species, Amber Mountain Rock-Thrush Monticola erythronotus, based on its distinctive plumage (in both sexes) compared to other taxa of Forest Rock-Thrush (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). | Highland forest of northernmost Madagascar (Montagne d'Ambre) |
| Forest Rock-Thrush | Monticola sharpei | Humid forest in e-c Madagascar, Montane rocky areas of s-c Madagascar | |
| Northern Wheatear | Oenanthe oenanthe | We recognize the monotypic group Northern Wheatear (Black-throated) Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi as a separate species, Atlas Wheatear Oenanthe seebohmi. Genetic divergence of Atlas Wheatear, as assessed by mitochondrial DNA, is very low Aliabadian et al. 2007, Wang et al. 2020); nonetheless Atlas Wheatear differs significantly from the otherwise homogeneous appearance of Northern Wheatear throughout its extensive range, and there is some evidence of vocal differences (del Hoyo and Collar 2016, Shirihai and Svensson 2018). | |
| Atlas Wheatear | Oenanthe seebohmi | Morocco to ne Algeria; > to Mauritania | |
| Red-headed Weaver | Anaplectes rubriceps | The monotypic group Red-headed Weaver (Red) Anaplectes rubriceps jubaensis is recognized as a separate species, Red Weaver Anaplectes jubaensis, based on its very distinctive plumage (del Hoyo and Collar 2016; see also Roche 1966); although Red Weaver is very poorly known, there also are suggestions that it is more habitat restricted than is Red-headed Weaver (Musina et al. 2015). | Senegambia to southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, southwestern and southern Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia, south through Uganda and Kenya to Malawi, S Angola to ne Namibia, s Zambia, Mozambique and ne S Africa |
| Red Weaver | Anaplectes jubaensis | S Somalia and adjacent coastal Kenya | |
| Olive-naped Weaver | Ploceus brachypterus | The monotypic group Black-necked Weaver (Olive-backed) Ploceus nigricollis brachypterus is recognized as a separate species, Olive-naped Weaver Ploceus brachypterus. The plumage and iris color of Olive-backed Weaver are strikingly different from those of Black-necked Weaver (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). The two apparently hybridize where their ranges abut, a contact zone that has not been studied in detail, but any hybrid zone appears to be quite narrow in comparison to the widespread distributions of each of the two species. | Senegal to Nigeria and w Cameroon; Bioko |
| Black-necked Weaver | Ploceus nigricollis | eastern Cameroon south to northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, east to extreme southern South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania, S Ethiopia to e Kenya and e Tanzania | |
| Red-cowled Widowbird | Euplectes laticauda | Red-collared Widowbird is split into two species, based on consistent differences in plumage and tail length (of males), and on relatively deep levels of genetic divergence (De Silva et al. 2019). The polytypic group Red-collared Widowbird (Red-cowled) Euplectes ardens laticauda/suahelicus, with subspecies laticauda and suahelicus, becomes Red-cowled Widowbird Euplectes laticauda; and the monotypic group Red-collared Widowbird (Red-collared) Euplectes ardens ardens retains the names Red-collared Widowbird Euplectes ardens. | highlands of eastern South Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia, Highlands of Kenya and ne Tanzania |
| Red-collared Widowbird | Euplectes ardens | Senegal and Sierra Leone east to southern South Sudan and western Uganda, south to central Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern South Africa | |
| Puna Pipit | Anthus brevirostris | The two monotypic groups, Short-billed Pipit (Puna) Anthus furcatus brevirostris and Short-billed Pipit (Fork-tailed) Anthus furcatus furcatus, exhibit moderately deep levels of genetic divergence (van Els and Norambuena 2018) and notable differences in the song given during a flight display (van Els and Norambuena 2018, Pearman and Areta 2020). Therefore we recognize each group as a separate species, Puna Pipit Anthus brevirostris and Short-billed Pipit Anthus furcatus. | Puna of Andes of Peru and Bolivia |
| Short-billed Pipit | Anthus furcatus | Extreme se Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina | |
| Black-faced Bunting | Emberiza spodocephala | The monotypic group Black-faced Bunting (personata) Emberiza spodocephala personata is recognized as a separate species, Masked Bunting Emberiza personata, based on plumage differences in both sexes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and levels of genetic divergence (as assessed by mitochondrial DNA: Weissensteiner 2013, Päckert et al. 2015). | Central and e Asia; > to e China and Taiwan, W China; > to e India, n Myanmar and n Indochina |
| Masked Bunting | Emberiza personata | Sakhalin and s Kuril Is. to Honshu; > to Ryukyu Is. | |
| Eastern Meadowlark | Sturnella magna | In accord with AOS-NACC (Chesser et al. 2022), Eastern Meadowlark is split into two species, based on genetic evidence that Eastern Meadowlark is paraphyletic with respect to Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta (Beam et al. 2021; see also Barker et al. 2008), differences in vocalizations (Beam et al. 2021), and morphological and ecological differences (Rohwer 1976). Therefore we recognize Chihuahuan Meadowlark Sturnella lilianae, with subspecies lilianae and auropectoralis. Note that Chihuahuan Meadowlark does not completely overlap with our previously recognized polytypic group Eastern Meadowlark (Chihuahuan) Sturnella magna [lilianae Group], which included subspecies saundersi (in addition to lilianae and auropectoralis). | |
| Chihuahuan Meadowlark | Sturnella lilianae | N Ariz. to e New Mexico, sw Texas, s Sonora and nw Chihuahua, western Mexico from southern Sinaloa, coastal Nayarit, and southern Durango across the Trans-Volcanic Belt east to the upper Río Lerma, Estado de México; populations between México and the Sierra Madre Oriental, in Tlaxcala, Puebla, and adjacent areas, also may represent auropectoralis, but this requires confirmation | |
| Masked Yellowthroat | Geothlypis aequinoctialis | We recognize three species this complex, based on plumage differences and deep genetic divergence (as assessed by mitochondrial NDA: Escalante et al. 2009): a monotypic Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis; a polytypic Black-lored Yellowthroat Geothlypis auricularis (including peruviana); and a monotypic Southern Yellowthroat Geothlypis velata. More comprehensive reviews of genetic divergence and geographic variation in vocalizations would be helpful, however. | NE Colombia to Venezuela, Guianas, Suriname, n Brazil; Trinidad |
| Black-lored Yellowthroat | Geothlypis auricularis | Pacific slope of w Ecuador to w Peru (south to Ica), N Peru (upper Marañon Valley of Cajamarca and La Libertad) | |
| Southern Yellowthroat | Geothlypis velata | SE Peru to Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and ne Argentina | |
| Three-striped Warbler | Basileuterus tristriatus | The polytypic group Three-striped Warbler (Bolivian) Basileuterus tristriatus [punctipectus Group], with subspecies inconspicuus, punctipectus, and canens, is genetically (Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. 2012) and vocally (Donegan 2014) distinct, and is recognized as a separate species, Yungas Warbler Basileuterus punctipectus. | |
| Yungas Warbler | Basileuterus punctipectus | Andes of se Peru (Puno) to nw Bolivia (La Paz), Andes of central Bolivia (Cochabamba), E Bolivia (Santa Cruz) |